Breast Surgical Oncology
Breast surgical oncology focuses on the diagnosis and surgical management of breast cancer. The goal is to effectively remove the cancer while preserving the shape, appearance, and confidence of the patient. With advancements in oncoplastic and reconstructive techniques, it is now possible to achieve excellent cancer control along with natural cosmetic results.
Understanding Breast Cancer Surgery
Breast cancer surgery aims to remove the tumor completely while maintaining as much of the healthy breast tissue and normal appearance as possible. Depending on the type and stage of cancer, the surgical plan may involve partial removal (lumpectomy) or complete removal (mastectomy) of the breast, often followed by reconstruction.
Modern oncoplastic surgery combines the principles of oncology and cosmetic surgery, allowing the surgeon to remove the tumor safely while reshaping the remaining breast tissue for a balanced, natural look.
Types of Breast Cancer Surgeries Performed
- Lumpectomy or Breast-Conserving Surgery – removal of the tumor with a margin of healthy tissue, preserving most of the breast
- Mastectomy – removal of the entire breast, sometimes followed by reconstruction
- Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy – identifies and removes the first few lymph nodes likely to contain cancer
- Axillary Lymph Node Dissection – performed when cancer has spread to lymph nodes under the arm
- Oncoplastic Breast Surgery – combines cancer removal with cosmetic reshaping of the breast
- Breast Reconstruction – restores breast shape using implants or the patient’s own tissue (flap reconstruction)
Oncoplastic and Reconstructive Techniques
Oncoplastic surgery allows safe cancer removal without compromising aesthetics. After the tumor is excised, the remaining tissue is carefully reshaped to restore the breast’s natural contour. If a mastectomy is needed, reconstruction can be done either immediately during the same surgery or later, based on the patient’s choice and treatment plan.
- Immediate or delayed breast reconstruction
- Implant-based or autologous (own tissue) reconstruction
- Nipple-sparing mastectomy for better cosmetic outcomes
- Symmetry procedures on the opposite breast if required
Advantages of Oncoplastic Breast Surgery
- Ensures complete cancer removal while preserving natural shape
- Reduces the need for multiple surgeries
- Provides better aesthetic and psychological outcomes
- Improves self-esteem and body image after treatment
- Allows faster return to daily life with minimal scarring
When Is Surgery Recommended?
Surgery is usually the first line of treatment for most breast cancers, especially when the tumor is localized. For some patients, chemotherapy or targeted therapy may be given before surgery to shrink the tumor. The choice between breast-conserving surgery and mastectomy depends on the tumor size, location, breast size, and patient preference.
FAQs
Oncoplastic breast surgery combines cancer removal with plastic surgery techniques. It ensures complete tumor removal while preserving or restoring the natural appearance of the breast, helping patients maintain confidence and comfort after treatment.
Breast reconstruction restores the breast’s shape and symmetry after mastectomy. It can improve self-image, boost confidence, and help patients feel emotionally and physically balanced following cancer treatment.
Yes, breast reconstruction is safe when performed by experienced surgical teams. The technique chosen depends on the patient’s health, cancer stage, and personal preference. Modern approaches provide natural results with minimal complications.
Yes, in most cases, reconstruction can be done immediately after tumor removal in the same surgery. Some patients, however, may need to delay reconstruction based on their treatment plan or medical condition.
That depends on the stage and type of breast cancer. Some patients may require additional treatments like chemotherapy, radiation, or targeted therapy to reduce the risk of recurrence and improve long-term outcomes.